Backflow is a plumbing issue that can cause serious problems in your home by allowing dirty water, potentially including human waste and harmful chemicals, to flow back into your clean water system. This dangerous reversal of water flow can introduce contaminants into your drinking water and lead to extensive water damage or health issues. In this blog, we’ll explain the concept of backflow, its causes, its potential risks to your plumbing system and health, and how to prevent it.
What is Backflow?
Backflow occurs when water flows in the opposite direction of its intended path, causing dirty water to enter your potable water supplies. In a properly functioning system, water pipes are designed to allow water to flow from the water mains to your home and then out through the drains. However, backflow can cause water from your drainage system, which may contain contaminants such as human waste or soapy water, to reverse course and enter your drinking water supply. This can lead to contaminated drinking water and serious health hazards.
What Causes Backflow?
Backflow can be caused by pressure changes in your plumbing system, either through negative pressure or a pressure drop. When water pressure drops suddenly in the municipal water supply or your home’s plumbing, dirty water can flow back into the clean water supply.
There are two main types of backflow:
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Backpressure occurs when the pressure in your plumbing system exceeds the pressure from the water supply. For example, when using a garden hose or an outdoor irrigation system without proper backflow prevention, pressure can build up, causing water to flow backward into the water service connection, which can lead to contamination.
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Back-siphonage: This happens when a drop in water pressure creates a vacuum effect, sucking water backward through the system, potentially pulling in contaminants from a nearby source. This is often seen when there’s an issue with cross-connections between potable and non-potable water lines, such as in irrigation systems or even a broken water main.
The Dangers of Backflow
Backflow is a serious concern for your plumbing system because it can lead to:
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Contamination of Drinking Water: The biggest danger of backflow is that it can contaminate your fresh water supply with harmful substances like human waste, chemicals, and dirt. Contaminated water can introduce bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that are harmful to your health.
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Extensive Water Damage: Backflow can cause extensive water damage in your home. It can lead to water spilling out of plumbing fixtures like sinks and toilets and even damage appliances connected to your water lines. This water could be discolored, soapy, or worse, foul-smelling water from the sewer system.
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Health Risks: Contaminated water can pose significant health risks to your family. Drinking or coming into contact with backflow-contaminated water can lead to serious illnesses such as gastrointestinal problems, skin infections, and other waterborne diseases.
Types of Backflow Preventers
To prevent backflow, installing the right backflow prevention devices is essential. The most common types of backflow preventers include:
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Pressure Vacuum Breakers (PVBs): These devices prevent backflow caused by negative pressure in the system. They work by opening a valve when the pressure drops and preventing the reverse flow of water. Pressure Vacuum Breaker Assemblies are often used in irrigation systems to keep contaminated water from entering your clean water lines.
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Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Valves: These devices use two check valves and a relief valve to create a pressure differential and prevent backflow. They are typically used for high-risk installations where contamination is a serious concern.
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Double-Check Valves (DCVs): These devices have two internal check valves that allow water to flow only in one direction. They are most commonly used in low-risk backflow prevention installations and can be an effective solution for areas like garden hoses or irrigation systems.
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Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB): This device is typically used in irrigation systems and other systems that are not under continuous pressure. If the pressure drops, it allows air into the system, preventing backflow and water contamination.
Preventing Backflow in Your Plumbing System
There are several important methods for preventing backflow and keeping your plumbing system safe:
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Install Backflow Prevention Devices: A licensed plumbing professional can install the appropriate backflow prevention devices based on your system’s needs. These devices will ensure that water does not reverse direction and contaminate your potable water supply.
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Regular Backflow Testing: It is crucial to test your backflow prevention devices annually to ensure they are working effectively. Regular inspection and maintenance help spot issues before they escalate into serious problems. Many local plumbing codes require annual testing of backflow preventers to maintain compliance and safety.
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Correct Installation: Proper installation of backflow preventers is essential to their effectiveness. Improper installation can lead to system malfunctions and the risk of backflow. Always consult licensed professionals to handle installation and repairs.
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Be Aware of Cross-Connections: One of the most common causes of backflow is cross-connections between potable and non-potable water lines. These can occur when fixtures like garden hoses or irrigation systems are improperly connected to the water supply. Installing proper backflow prevention methods, such as hose bib vacuum breakers, will help prevent this.
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Monitor Water Pressure: Maintain proper water pressure throughout your home. If you notice any drop in pressure or fluctuations, it’s important to address them quickly to prevent backflow.
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Use Backflow Prevention Assemblies: Backflow Prevention Assemblies, such as spring-loaded check valves, pressure vacuum breakers, and relief valves, are designed to prevent water from flowing in the reverse direction. These should be installed in vulnerable areas, like near water meters or outdoor hose bibs.
How to Fix Backflow Issues?
If you suspect backflow in your plumbing system, it’s important to act quickly to prevent further contamination and damage:
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Shut off the Water Supply: The first step is to turn off your shutoff valve to prevent the flow of contaminated water. This will help limit damage and contamination to your water pipes and fixtures.
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Call a Licensed Professional. A licensed plumber has the expertise to diagnose and repair backflow issues safely. Whether you need a new backflow prevention device installed or existing equipment repaired, an experienced plumbing professional can handle the job.
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Test the Backflow Device: If you have an existing backflow prevention system, it may require testing or repair. A professional plumber can check the system to ensure it is functioning properly and perform annual testing to maintain its effectiveness.
Contact Defense Plumbing for Backflow Prevention and Solutions
Backflow is a serious concern for any property owner. It can damage your plumbing system and compromise your safe drinking water supply. To prevent backflow and ensure your plumbing system remains protected, it’s essential to invest in proper backflow prevention devices and schedule regular inspections with a trusted plumbing professional.
At Defense Plumbing, we specialize in backflow prevention and offer comprehensive plumbing services from installation to testing and repairs. Our licensed professionals will ensure that your water system remains safe, clean, and compliant with plumbing codes. Don’t wait for a backflow problem to arise — contact us today for peace of mind and a safer home! Defense Plumbing proudly serves Lakewood, West Pleasant View, Sheridan, Bow Mar, Morrison, Littleton, Edgewater, Wheat Ridge, Genesee, Englewood, and Idledale.
